Air pollution Essays

Air pollution Essays Air pollution Paper Air pollution Paper Vicar Guppy, M. D. , and Santos Ass , M. D. Stated in Air Pollution: Indian Scenario, Disease and malformation caused by air pollution is not a natural occurrence to be overlooked because if people themselves try to help reducing the pollutants, then health risk can be controlled. 5. RECOMMENDATION FOR AIR POLLUTION Solution efforts on pollution are always a big problem. Several attempts are being made worldwide on personal, industrial and governmental levels to curb the intensity at which Air Pollution is rising and regain a balance as far as the proportions of the foundation gases are concerned. This is a direct attempt at slacking Global warming. This is why prevention interventions are always a better way of controlling air pollution. We are seeing a series of innovations and experiments aimed at alternate and unconventional options to reduce pollutants. Air Pollution is one of the larger mirrors of mans follies, and a challenge we need to overcome to see a tomorrow. In many big cities, monitoring equipment has been installed at many points in the city. Authorities read them regularly to check the quality of air. The lesson to be taken is from the case study of Mexico City. The government introduced air laity improvement programs ? PICA and PAIRED that include, among other measures, a rotating one-weekday ban on private car use. On days of high pollution, the ban extends to every second day and some manufacturing activities are curtailed. In addition, car owners must have their vehicles certified every six months. The following are some recommendation action to reduce air pollution. . 1 Government (or community) Level prevention 5. 1. 1 Emphasis on clean energy resources Government throughout the world would have already taken action against air pollution by introducing green energy. Some governments are investing n clean energy technologies like wind energy and solar energy, as well as other renewable energy, to minimize burning of fossil fuels, which cause heavy air pollution. Governments are also forcing companies to be more responsible with their manufacturing activities, so that even though they still cause pollution, they are a lot controlled. 5. 1. Use energy efficient devices CFML lights consume less electricity as against their counterparts. They live longer, consume less electricity, lower electricity bills and also help you to reduce pollution by consuming less energy. Companies are also building ore energy efficient cars, which pollute less than before. 5. 2 Individual Level Prevention 5. 2. 1 Use public mode Of transportation Encourage your family to use the bus, train or bike when commuting. Also, try to make use of carpooling. If you and your colleagues come from the same locality and have same timings you can explore this option to save energy and money. If we all do this, there will be fewer cars on road and less fumes. 5. 2. 2 Conserve energy Use energy (light, water, boiler, kettle and fire woods) wisely. This is because lots of fossil fuels are burned to generate electricity, and so if we can cut own the use, we will also cut down the amount of pollution we create. 5. 2. 3 understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Recycle and re-use things. This will minimize the dependence of producing new things. Remember manufacturing industries create a lot of pollution, so if we can re-use things like shopping plastic bags, clothing, paper and bottles, it can help. . BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES or. Amandine Sings, MD, Dry. Vicar Guppy. MD, Dry. Santos ass, MD. (2009). Volume 10. Number 2. November 2009. Air Pollution : Indian Scenario in The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. Http://www. Sentimentality. S/ PAST. HTML . Accessed 9 October 2013. John Fletcher (201 1). Air Pollution . Geography. Michelle Hobbler, (2003). Health A n Ecosystem Approach. Wham. Dire. Ca/ cheesecloth . Accessed 9 October 2013. Website references: http://en. M. Wisped. Org/WI ski/Kyoto_protocol http://en. M. Wisped. Org/WI ski/Air_poll lotion http://environment. Cinematographic. Com/environment/global-warming/ pollution-overview http://schooldays. Com/pollution/air-pollution/air- pollution-prevention-HTML Mass. Gob/deep/air/aqua/envy_effects. HTML Conserve-energy-future. Com/causes-effects-solutions-of-air- pollution. PH . APPENDICES CASE STUDY : MEXICO CITY Taking Control of Air Pollution in Mexico City A clean air drive targets health improvements and health care savings Located in a pollutant-trapping valley, Mexico City ? one of the worlds largest cities ? has had limited success in battling suffocating air pollution. A new understanding of the health impacts of this pollution ? and of peoples role in both the problem and the solution ? could lead to better targeted, more effective air improvement programs. Famous for its size, its history, and the warmth of its people, Mexico City is also infamous for its air pollution. In 1992, the United Nations described the citys air as the most polluted on the planet. Six years later, that air earned Mexico the reputation of the most dangerous city in the world for children. This is a reputation Mexico has been working hard to improve. But despite more than a decade of stringent pollution-control measures, a dull haze hangs over the city most days, obscuring the stunning snow-capped mountains that frame the city and endangering the health of its inhabitants. Many factors have contributed to this situation: industrial growth, a population boom (from 3 million in 1950 to some 20 million today), and the relaxation of vehicles. More than 3. 5 million vehicles ? 30% of them more than 20 years old ? now ply the city streets. Geography conspires with human activity to produce a poisonous scenario. Located in the crater of an extinct volcano, Mexico City is about 2,240 meters above sea level. The lower atmospheric oxygen levels at this altitude cause incomplete fuel combustion in engines and higher emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Intense sunlight turns these noxious gases into higher than normal smog levels. In turn, the smog prevents the sun from eating the atmosphere enough to penetrate the inversion layer that blankets the city. Solving this problem has been a priority of the Metropolitan Environmental Commission, which is integrated with local and federal authorities. Recent efforts to curb emissions have been relatively successful. In the 1 9905, for instance, the government introduced air quality improvement programs ? PICA and PAIRED that include, among other measures, a rotating one-weekday ban on private car use. On days of high pollution, the ban extends to every second day and some manufacturing certified every six months. But if lead, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide are now under control, pollution levels of other contaminants are still far above air quality standards. A closer look at pollution When PAIRED concluded in 2000, environmental authorities undertook a longer, ambitious air quality improvement program: PAIRED 2002-2010. TO develop the program, however, accurate measures were needed to determine how improving air quality would improve health and reduce health expenditures. A number of questions also needed to be answered about the relationship between the citys inhabitants and air pollution: How do people perceive pollution? How does it affect them? What are they willing to do or pay for cleaner air? How can they be motivated to help solve it? The Mexico City government set out to answer these questions, with support from Canadas International Development Research Centre (DIRE) and the Netherlands Trust Fund through the World Bank and the Pan American Health Organization. If the first question was fairly simple ? what is the economic value of benefits reaped from reducing air pollution? ? answering it was not. No one really knows, or understands, the relationship between environmental contaminants and the health of inhabitants, says biologist Roberto Murmur Cruz, subdirectory of information and analysis at Mexico Citys atmospheric monitoring system, part of the Secretariat del Media Ambient (department of the environment). The Secretariat coordinated the project in collaboration with the Center National De Salad Ambient (national centre for environmental health), the nongovernmental organization GREECE (a study group on relations between the environment and behavior), and the Institute De Ia Meijer del District Federal (Womens Institute of Mexico City). The researchers focused on health hazards posed by the most serious Laotians in Mexico: ozone, produced when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds react in sunlight, and PM O ? resalable particulate matter less than 10 microns (0. 01 millimeters) in diameter. IMO comes from various sources, including road construction and dust, smoke-belching diesel trucks and buses, forest fires, and burning refuse in the open air. Both pollutants can irritate eyes, cause or aggravate a range of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments, and lead to premature death. Its not air pollution that kills people, explains Munson, but some people die sooner than they would otherwise. More than 20 researchers from eight academic, governmental, donor, and nongovernmental organizations in Mexico, the Netherlands, and the USA contributed to compiling and analyzing the findings of national and international studies of the health effects of ozone and PM O. Surveys were also carried out to determine peoples perceptions of the pollution problem, says Munson. A population exposure model was then developed, using data from Mexico sophisticated air-monitoring network. The study estimated that pollution levels in 2010 will be much the same as in the late sass when ozone levels exceeded standards on almost 90% of days ND IMO on 30% to 50% of days, explains Dry Victor Boors Abort, former Director of the Center National De Salad Ambient at the Secretariat De Salad and now coordinator of workplace health, who led the projects first module. Tangible benefits Earlier efforts to assess the Costs Of pollution in Mexico City had focused on direct medical costs such as medicines and hospital visits and on productivity losses ? income lost by those who were sick. This study, however, sought to provide a more comprehensive picture. Air quality and exposure meddlers, epidemiologists and public health specialists, economists and statisticians assessed a wide range of health benefits and savings, including peoples willingness to pay for better health and a potentially longer life. Communications and social participation specialists worked to understand peoples perceptions and get at indirect costs because, as Munson explains, not only do people who get sick lose days from work, but also mothers stay home to take care of the children who get sick. It was an important transcriptional experience, says Munson. Bringing together different disciplines to provide a holistic picture ? an approach central to cheesecloth research ? proved very successful. And a strong connection was forged between the institutions and between government and research institutes. The research concluded that reducing PM 0 would yield the greatest health and financial benefits : each micrograms per cubic centimeter reduction would be worth about CSS$1 00 million a year. Reducing both ozone and IMO by just 10% would result in average savings offs$760 million a year. In human terms that would translate into, for example, 33,287 fewer emergency room visits for respiratory distress in 2010 and 88 fewer hospital admissions for the same problem. In addition, says Mums, it would lead to 266 fewer infant deaths a year an important consideration not valuated. Clearly this justifies relatively high expenditures to further reduce polluting emissions, Munson says. Much to the projects credit, this detailed information provided the scientific underpinning of PAIRED 2002-2010, which calls for close to US$15 billion of public and private investments in air quality improvement projects. The information has also been made available to the international community through a number of publications. What do Mexicans think? If people largely cause air pollution, they must also be involved in cleaning it up. Certainly the original PAIRED program recognized this and included various formal and informal programs to inform people about the problem and invite them to action. It recognized that a cultural change was needed to modify the society-city-environment relation, says Munson. But in a city as large and as socially and culturally diverse as Mexico, that proved no easy task. The research team surveyed close to 4,000 residents in all sectors or delegations of the city. Completed questionnaires showed that close to 30% believe the governments motives in seeking to reduce air pollution are silvering. More than 30% also think that the governments online air quality reports are false. (http://148. 243. 232. 103/amicable/) In fact, says Munson, We found that most people dont even consult the official information.

Osteoarthritis essays

Osteoarthritis essays The Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis is the affection of articular cartilage, along with the synovial fluid in the joint, permitting almost frictionless movement of joint bones at their points of contact. The frictional resistance of normal joints is the cartilage layer to absorb the shock associated with joint use. When weight is loaded onto the joint, the cartilage layer compresses. Once the weight is removed, the cartilage rebounds to its original dimensions. The articular cartilage is firmly attached to its underlying subchondral bone by a subchondral plate. This allows the subchondral plate to act as a shock absorber, which protects the joint from applied stresses. A thin layer of calcified cartilage separates the noncalcified or articular cartilage from its bony subchondral bed. The interface between the calcified cartilage and articular cartilage is known as the tidemark. The articular cartilage, with the subchondral bone and the surrounding skeletal muscles, supports even di stribution of weight loading across the entire joint structure. Osteoarthritis is a very common condition where the joints are affected by degeneration, often described as "wear and tear" arthritis. This can start from our early teens and gets worse as we grow older into adulthood. Wear and tear" does account for a large percentage of the problem, but there are many examples of people who have had very similar lives, one of whom will have virtually perfect joints, while the other will have really quite severe osteoarthritis. Thus there must be an inbuilt susceptibility in the protection against such disease. Symptoms in OA tend to get worse with activity, so that the end of the day is the worst time (in contrast to inflammatory arthritis). There may be hard, bony swelling of the joints, and a gritty feeling (or even noise) when the joint is moved (this is called crepitus). The symptoms of osteoarthritis are mainly pain, swe ...

JRN WEEK3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

JRN WEEK3 - Coursework Example There are many individuals who have no idea of what global warming is and how to prevent it. The media only focus on natural disasters when they happen and offer no assistance in terms of knowledge. Dr. Martin Patchen challenges the media to provide more comprehensive coverage on social issues, and global warming should be prioritized. Since the media reaches millions of viewers, it can educate people on how ways to combat global warming. Global warming is to blame for the natural disasters that are rocking our world today, for example, the floods that have devastated the city of Houston, Texas in the United States. The media does not tend to long-term issues they instead tend to focus on short-term problems so they can move on to other stories. Global warming is real and they sooner the media realize it, they can take it upon themselves to educate the general public. People tend to remember the effects of global warming when disaster strikes. Patiently waiting for others to handle global warming is a misguided conception, and each person has the responsibility of reduce the risks of global warming. Some of the activities that can decrease the risk of global warming include pla nting trees and decreasing the percentage of greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon

Mental Skills Training Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mental Skills Training Program - Essay Example Based on a recent performance profile, it is found that I lack two mental skills. Imagery and confidence are mental skills currently lacked. The two lacked mental skills are important for everyday life. Imagery helps the mind focus on seeing things that have happened in the past, things that are happening now and events that may happen in the future. Portraying these images in a positive or negative way is a mental imagery skill. Confidence as a mental skill controls how actions are made, decisions in life and the way someone feels. Each one of these mental skills contributes to decisions that are made in everyday life. These mental skills also affect an athlete’s performance. What does imagery as a mental skill do? Imagery as a mental skill is basically the ability to go over an event and imagine what the outcome will be. This goes hand in hand with confidence. Having strong confidence will help the imagery skill imagine a more positive outcome. A positive outcome and better confidence will lead to higher performance. Setting up a plan to improve these skills will help improve confidence and the mental ability to imagine better outcomes. Improving each one of these skills can help an individual go further in live and outperform others. In an article from the Journal of Education for Business, a study has shown that the use of negotiation classes can help build an individual’s confidence which will help the individual become more successful. Becoming better at negotiating will improve performance by a huge amount. Improved performance will lead to better confidence. I plan on using negotiation as a way to improve my confidence mental skill. Duration and repetition will aid in creating a mental skills training program that works on my weaker areas. To obtain better negotiating skills and better confidence I plan on using negotiating and becoming more comfortable negotiating with others. I will practice becoming comfortable negotiating for a month. Twice a week for the first month I will try to negotiate events that I would otherwise ignore. These events will be smaller things like household activities and small individual confrontations. After the first month, I can then begin using real world scenarios for negotiating. These negotiating skills may need to be modified to a class like session. If practicing negotiating on my own terms proves to be unsuccessful, the training can be modified to include negotiating classes. Another great way that was found to assist in improving mental skills was discovered by a research study conducted by International Education Studies. The research study was performed on college level soccer players. The soccer players were given different techniques to try and improve different mental skills like imagery, attention and motivation. The study showed that relaxation was the best improver. Relaxation was able to help the players relax by reducing muscle tension and improving focus. Becoming more relaxed before and after games, improved performance. Since relaxation has shown to have great imagery affects, relaxation will be part of the program used to improve weaker mental skills. In order to use relaxation to improve imagery,

Measuring Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry Essay

Measuring Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry - Essay Example This savaging effect of global economic crisis has proven to be a real challenge to the UK hotel industry. With a decline in demand due to decrease in the number of travellers, UK hotels are pushed to intensify their marketing strategies to tap the available market. One factor then that hotel owners should look at is how to drive the demand up basing on the quality of their products and services. A careful investigation of this aspect of hotel business is of paramount interest both to the government and to the private sectors as well. It is also essential information to the UK Hotel customers, both local and foreign. It is an interest to the government so that they will have information as to where to help in improving the customer relations of UK Hotels. While for the private sectors, this study will give valuable information as to how customer satisfaction can be improves, both in the hotel and in the non-hotel industry. This study specifically touches on the aspect of customer satisfaction from the UK Hotel Industry, particularly to know if hotels are aware of the level of their customers' satisfaction and to know what particular methods they use to ascertain this. It also aims to look whether customer satisfaction varies with the type of hotels as to local or international, and as to big, medium or small hotel Specifically, we wish to answer the following questions: a) Is customer satisfaction important in the UK hotel industry b) How important is customer satisfaction to UK hotels c) What is the level of implementation of customer related process within the hotel industry d) What is the level of awareness of the UK Hotels to TQM e) What methods of ensuring total quality are employed within the hotel f) What is the difference between local and international hotels in terms of customer satisfaction Small, medium and big THEORETICAL BASIS Business Dictionary defines customer satisfaction as "Degree of satisfaction provided by the goods or services of a firm as measured by the number of repeat customers" (BusinessDictionary.com). BNET Business Dictionary defines it as "the degree to which customer expectations of a product or service are met or exceeded" (CBS Interactive Inc.). The increase in competition is forcing more businesses to give much attention to satisfying the customers (Authenticity Consulting, LLC). Customer satisfaction in the UK was found to be a key weapon for competitive differentiation and customer retention (Horsnell 1998). Because of this, guest satisfaction is found to be a common practice as managers found out that excellent customer service is essential for their organization's health (Horsnell 1998). Customer satisfaction is the paramount criterion used to determine the quality that is actually given to customers through products/services and other accompanying services (Vavra 1997). More and more studies have revealed the importance of customer satisfaction. It is of great importance to business firms as it fuels repeat purchases and word-of-mouth recemmendation (H.W Berkman 1986). "Satisfaction reinforces positive attitudes toward the brand, leading to greater likelihood that the

Emotional Regulation Conflict Management Style in Students

Emotional Regulation Conflict Management Style in Students Abstract EMOTIONAL REGULATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS M. VIJAY * S. KADHIRAVAN ** Research scholar Research supervisor This study examines about university students’ emotional regulation and conflict management style on the basis of demographic variables such as, stream of study, year of study and type of family. The researcher has employed the descriptive survey method for this study and the sample was carried from university students in Salem. The sample size is N=93, and‘t’ test, Pearson’s r and ANOVA were used and the data was analyzed through SPSS.V.22. This study reveals that students from arts and science background haven’t differed in their emotional regulation, first and final year students have partially differed in their emotional regulation than their conflict management style and finally students from nuclear family background have partially differed in their emotional regulation than the counterpart. The study concludes that, emotional regulation partially correlated with conflict management style at 0.05 levels. Key words: Emotional regulation, Conflict management style. INTRODUCTION Students are come across from many events in their life. Perhaps, events are generates some emotional reactions; those reactions invite either positive or negative consequences. Emotions are complex reaction that would not raise isolate, it is involved with internal subjective feelings and as well as influence of socio-cultural factors. When separating the problem students have different opinions, creative thoughts, skills, and values to directing the goals. In these context, when the person wants engaging an activity that is incongruent with his/her interest or needs lead to disagreement. An even disagreement produces some emotional reaction. In these contexts emotional regulation help to cope students’ emotional reaction, which means, it deal with any coping strategy used by the individual when deal with an unnecessary thoughts, feelings and emotions. In order to use managing conflict style also helps to coping their incongruent conflict issues in good manner. EMOTIONAL REGULATION In the stage of adolescence to adulthood is a major obstacle to move up for everyone because, in these stage people are inviting many commitments for showing their values in the social system.Through inviting more commitments people are experiencing emotional events. In these context, emotional regulation help to cope their emotion in wider perspective. Emotional regulation refers to extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for observing, assessing and modifying emotional reactions, in particular their exhaustive and temporal features toachieve one’s own goals Thompson (1994). Emotional regulation is a coping mechanism, it is concerned with emotions context whatever people areraised. There are two specific strategies often involving to regulate people emotions effectively, such as, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Cognitive reappraisal strategies deal with cognitive changes such as thinking, feeling, creating new ideas to interpreting emotional stimulus w hich means it involves recognition of the individual’s negative emotional response and reinterpretation of the situation by exchanging the negative thoughts to increasing positive thoughts. Expressive suppression also involves emotional regulation, it means, person’s knowledge about the causes of emotion that inhibiting ongoing emotional expressive behavior. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLE When students are require to perform some activity that is incongruent with their interest leads disagreement. According to Rahim (1992) Conflict is an interactive process that manifested in incompatibility, disagreement or dissonance within or social entities. Conflict management refers to minimizing the negative outcomes of conflict and promotes the positive outcomes of conflict with the goal of improving learning in an organization. (Rahim, 2002).Conflict management helps to recognize, cope and to direct the conflict from negative aspect to positive manner. Rahim (1979) who psychologist, conceptualized five different conflict management styles to cope students’ conflict situation in an effective mode, there are, (I) integrating style, which involves high concern for self and others., (II) obliging style, it involves person who concerning low level for their own self and concerning high level for others, (III) dominating style, it involving high level of concern for their ow n self and as well low level of concern for others, (IV) avoiding style involves low level of concern for their own and also others and (V) compromising style involves equal concern for own and others. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The review of literature in the research study helps researcher to gain some knowledge and insight in to the purpose and the result of the study. Studies on emotional regulation and conflict management style are given below. Ahmet yigit and ahmwtozpolat (2014) conducted research on emotional regulation strategies as a predictor of life satisfaction of university students based on parent profession, income level and educational background. They found cognitive reappraisal strategy directly predict life satisfaction of parent profession, income level and educational background. Gulcimenyurtsever (2014) investigated negotiator profit predicated by cognitive reappraisal, suppression of emotions, and misrepresentation of information and tolerance of ambiguity among undergraduate students. The result reveled that negative coefficients were obtained from scored between emotional reaction and cognitive reappraisal and tolerance of ambiguity. PiiaNaykki and SannaJarvela (2014) examined socio-emotional conflict in collaborative learning of higher education context. Collaborative work of higher education students was followed during a three month course. The result indicate that has students are more experienced in socio-emotional challenges and adopt avoidance-focused emotion regulation behavior and to lower their on task engagement. Jianzhongxu (2013) conducted research on individual and group level factors for students’ emotion management in online collaborative group work in united state. The researcher found that, emotion management in group work was positively related to feed back, learning oriented reasons, arranging the environment. In addition compared with part-time students, fulltime students were more initiative in managing their emotions with doing online group work. Nicole M. Monteiro and Shyngle K (2014) examined the emotion regulation of coping strategies among university students in Botswana. The result indicate that students’ emotional suppression was positively correlated with problem solving, cognitive restructuring, expressing emotion, social support, problem avoidance and wishful thinking coping strategies. Ishfaq Ahmed and Muhammad (2010) studied about personality does affect conflict handling style among college students. The researchers’ found that personality affects avoiding and competing style of conflict management style. Hidetomorita (2003) investigated conflict management style of American and Japanese with close friendships among college students. He found that dominating and obliging style of conflict management often by American students than Japanese. Hossein Khanaki (2010) examined conflict management style among engineering students and experience engineers from Iran. The result reveled that experience engineers often prefer to avoid conflict management style and similarly both of them generally showed a lack of inters in competing style. Joanne C.Y. Chan (2014) examined conflict management styles, emotional intelligence and implicit theory of personality of nursing students. The researcher found that students often used obliging and integrating style than dominating style conflict management style for clinical supervisions. Eunjookim and ayano Yamaguchi (2014) investigated the effects of taking conflict personality on conflict management style across culture among undergraduate students. The researchers’ found that taking conflict personality indicated positive relation with participant’s conflict management style. Sehrish Hassan and Muhammad (2015) examined the relationship between conflict management, social support among university students in Pakistan. The result found that social support was not significantly correlated with conflict management styles and female students’ social support shown higher than males’. Tong Yu and guo-mingchen (2008) investigated intercultural sensitivity and conflict management styles in cross-cultural organizational situations among university students. The result revealed that moderate relationship between the two concepts and among respective dimensions. On above related literature provides detail knowledge about present status of emotional regulation and conflict management style. The researcher examines the relationship between emotional regulation and conflict management style among university students with the help of previous related literature knowledge. NEED FOR THE STUDY Emotions are develops throughout the life span. It does not arise in isolation; it is a combination of cognitive, behavioral and socio-cultural influences. Every student were experienced by emotional and conflict events, but they know how, where and which type of decision would aid to solve the problem. In these situations, emotional regulation and conflict management style would help to handle students’ problems in good manner. This study would help to examine the relationship between emotional regulation and conflict management style of university students’. HYPOTHESES Emotional regulation will be correlate with conflict management style of university students. Students from arts and science will be significantly differs in their emotional regulation. Students from first and final year will be significantly differs in their emotional regulation and as well as conflict management style. Students from nuclear and joint family will be significantly differs in their emotional regulation. RESEARCH METHOD The researcher has used descriptive survey method for this study. This study analyzes the relationship between emotional regulation and conflict management style of university students. The researcher has exploit incidental sampling method for select the participant in university. Students from first and final year were selected as a sample for this study. The data were collected from 160 students and finally only N=93 were selected for this study and also remaining data was eliminated on the consideration of spurious data. Emotional regulation questionnaire (ERQ) by Gross and john (2003) and conflict management style by Johnson (1990) were used for this study. The selected data were scored as per the scoring norms and also analyzed with the help of SPSS V-22. The data was in additionally promote to classified on the basis of stream of study [arts= 40; science = 53], year of study [first=59; final = 34] and the type of family [nuclear = 66; joint 27]. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Table-1 shows the difference between arts and science students in their emotional regulation. Table-1 From the table-1 it is found that the ‘t’ values are not significant for any one of the facet of emotional regulation. Hence the hypothesis is not accepted. It is concluded that students from arts and science stream did not differ in their emotional regulation. Table-2 shows the difference between first and final year students in their emotional regulation. Table-2 From the table-2 it is observed that the t-values are significant for cognitive reappraisal facet of emotional regulation than expressive suppression facet. It is indicate that first year students are often using their cognitive reappraisal strategies in their emotional regulation than final year students. First and final year students are significantly differ in their emotional regulation. Hence the hypothesis is accepted. Table-2.1 shows the difference between first and final year students in their conflict management style. Tabe-2.1 From the table-2.1 it is found that the t-values are not significant in none of the dimension of conflict management style.Hence the hypothesis is not accepted for conflict management style, but this hypothesis is accepted for emotional regulation. In general, it is concluded that the first and final year university students are differ in their emotional regulation than their conflict management style. Table-3 shows the difference between nuclear and joint family students in their emotional regulation Table-3 From the table-3 it is observed that the t-values are significant for cognitive reappraisal facet of emotional regulation than expressive suppression facet on the basis of students’ type of family. The table indicates that students from nuclear families are often used their cognitive reappraisal strategies in their emotional regulation rather than expressive suppression strategies. In general students from nuclear and joint families are partially differing in their emotional regulation. Hence the hypothesis is accepted. Table-4: Shows the correlation between emotional regulation and conflict management styles of university students. Table-1 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). From Table-4 it is found that the students’ emotional regulation is partially correlated with conflict management style. There are two strategies specifically involving in emotional regulation such as expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal, this table shows that cognitive reappraisal facet is significantly correlated with collaborating style of conflict management style at the level of 0.05 (2-tailed). Cognitive reappraisal facet deals with person’s cognitive changes, such as, thinking, feeling, creating new ideas to interpreting emotional stimulus which means it involves recognition of the individual’s negative emotional response and reinterpretation of the situation by exchanging the negative thoughts to increasing positive thoughts. In addition collaborating style indicates that person’s high level of assertiveness and cooperation, it also attempts to provide the best solutions in conflict situation. In other hand, expressive suppression facet did not correlate with any dimension of conflict management style of university students. It indicates that university students are often using cognitive reappraisal facet of emotional regulation than expressive suppressive suppression. In general students’ emotional regulation and conflict management styles are significantly correlates at the level of 0.05. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted. CONCLUSSION Table-1 shows university students’ emotional regulations do not significantly differ in their basis of stream of study. Table-2 shows university students’ emotional regulation differences on the basis of year of study. First and final year students are significantly differ in their cognitive reappraisal facet than expressive suppression facet, and table-2.1 shows the difference about students’ conflict management style on the basis of year of study. It shows students from first and final year do not differs in their conflict management style. In addition table-3 shows the students’ differences on the basis of type of family in their emotional regulation.Table-4 shows university students’ emotional regulation strategies partially correlated with collaborating style of conflict management style. From the discussion we conclude that, students from nuclear and joint families are partially differing in their emotional regulation. In general, over all fin dings shows university students’ emotional regulation are partially correlated with conflict management style, and the study conclude that university students’ emotional regulation positively correlated with conflict management style. REFERENCES Chan, J. C., Sit, E. N., and Lau, W. M. (2014). Conflict management styles, emotional intelligence and implicit theories of personality of nursing students: a cross-sectional study.Nurse education today,34(6), 934-939. joo Kim, E., Yamaguchi, A., Kim, M. S., and Miyahara, A. (2015). Effects of taking conflict personally on conflict management styles across cultures. Personality and Individual Differences,72, 143-149. Hassan, S., Aqeel, M., and Hussain, W. (2015). The relationship between conflict management and social support among university students. Yu, T., Chen, G. M. (2008). Intercultural sensitivity and conflict management styles in cross-cultural organizational situations. Ulcimen Yurtsever (2008). Negotiators profit predicate by cognitive reappraisal, suppression of emotions, misrepresentation of information, and tolerance of ambiguity. Perceptual and Motor Skills: Vol 106, Issue, pp. 590-608. Scott, J. P., DiLillo, D., and Watkins, L. (2015). Negative urgency and emotion regulation strategy use: associations with displaced aggression.Aggressive behavior. March2015. Yigit, A., Ozpolat, A. R., and Kandemir, M. (2014). Emotion regulation strategies as a predictor of life satisfaction in university students.Journal of Psychology,2014. Vol.5. (2014). Monteiro, N. M., Balogun, S. K., and Oratile, K. N. (2014). Managing stress: the influence of gender, age and emotion regulation on coping among university students in Botswana.International journal of adolescence and youth, Vol19(2), 2014. NÃ ¤ykki, P., Jarvela, S., Kirschner, P. A., and Jarvenoja, H. (2014). Socio-emotional conflicts in collaborative learning a process-oriented case study in a higher education context.International Journal of Educational Research,68, 1-14. Vol 68, Pages 1–14, 2014. Xu, J., Du, J., and Fan, X. (2013). Individual and group-level factors for students emotion management in online collaborative group work.The internet and higher education, vol19, pages 1-9.

Dells Successful Use of the Internet as a Selling Channel Essay

Dell's Successful Use of the Internet as a Selling Channel Dell are currently the worlds number one PC supplier, a position in the market they took from Compaq in April 2001. In short, the company’s success story is mainly down to their innovative direct business model, which pays particular attention to the selling process where Dell completely bypasses all intermediaries and/or middlemen. This is because Michael Dell believed they add little if no value to the end product, instead just gaining a considerable mark-up for selling the product. Hence, they became the first PC manufacturer to completely cut out retailers and instead sold customised computers directly to customers based on their exact specifications. This selling process began over the telephone and via catalogues but in 1996 Dell embarked on Internet based selling on their official website, Dell.com, providing customers the opportunity to buy desktops, notebooks and servers directly from them. In order to power online commerce successfully for any business, the basic technology required is the installation of servers and data-storage systems. The website Dell.com runs on industry standard Dell PowerEdge servers. These powerful servers are backed up by Dell/EMC Fibre Channel storage. Dell is therefore equipped with backup strategies in case any problems with the servers or software occur and are experienced. This is crucial, as users may begin to view this distribution channel as unreliable if breakdowns are recurrent and could detract them from not only buying from Dell.com but from anything from the company. According to company internal metrics, Dell.com is one of the most responsive web sites on the Internet, with an average download time of 1 second for a page. That briefly explains the technology used to power the website however customers can access it simply via an Internet browser, the most popular being Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Explorer. Dell’s direct business model (can be seen on the page three) may be simple in theory however it is very complicated executing it in reality. Building PC’s to order means that they must have the parts and components on hand to build a wide range of possible specifications over a short period of time (to ensure minimum time between order and manufacture). To complete these orders quickly, Dell must have first-rate manufacturing and ... ...ffective they are. As mentioned, customer service has also improved from an already high standard even further. Dell has created many services online that enables the customer to see the whole purchasing process clearly once they have made an order. It gives the customer the ability to track the progress of their order as it is produced and delivered, providing them with constant feedback of delivery dates and product information. This 24-hour customer service and fast response time helps Dell build a strong relationship with customers. References ---------- The key references handed in earlier referred to the two links below: - http://www1.euro.dell.com/content/topics/global.aspx/corp/home?c= uk&l=en&s=corp - http://www1.us.dell.com/content/topics/global.aspx/corp/pressoffice/ en/2003/2003_10_20_rr_002?c=us&l=en&s=corp Further websites were found with useful detail on Dell’s direct selling model: - http://www.internetretailer.com/article.asp?id=6717 - http://www.microsoft.com/resources/casestudies/casestudy.asp?CaseStudy ID=14674 - http://www1.us.dell.com/content/topics/global.aspx/policy/en/policy? c=us&l=en&s=gen&~ck=lf&~section=006